8+ Nest Hub vs Echo Show: Which Smart Display Wins?


8+ Nest Hub vs Echo Show: Which Smart Display Wins?

A comparative analysis of two prominent smart display platforms, the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show, offers users a framework for evaluating the features, functionality, and ecosystems associated with each device. These devices integrate voice assistant technology with visual displays, facilitating a range of tasks from information retrieval to smart home control. Considerations involve hardware specifications, software capabilities, and compatibility with existing smart home infrastructure.

The significance of these smart displays stems from their ability to streamline daily routines, provide hands-free access to information, and act as central control points for connected devices within a household. The development of these platforms represents a convergence of voice-activated technology, visual interfaces, and the expanding ecosystem of smart home devices. Their adoption reflects a growing trend toward integrated and automated home environments.

The following sections will delve into specific aspects of each platform, examining their respective strengths and weaknesses in areas such as display quality, voice assistant performance, smart home integration, and overall user experience. This comparative assessment aims to equip potential buyers with the necessary information to make an informed decision based on their individual needs and preferences.

1. Display Resolution

Display resolution is a critical factor in differentiating the user experience between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. It directly impacts the clarity and detail of visual information presented on the device, influencing the usability for tasks such as viewing photos, watching videos, and interacting with on-screen elements.

  • Pixel Density and Image Clarity

    Higher display resolution, typically measured in pixels (e.g., 1280×800), translates to greater pixel density and, consequently, a sharper and more detailed image. The Google Nest Hub and various Echo Show models offer differing resolutions, leading to variations in image quality. A lower resolution display may exhibit pixelation or blurring, especially when viewing fine details or text. For example, reading recipes or viewing detailed weather maps benefits significantly from a higher resolution display.

  • Video Playback Quality

    The display resolution limits the maximum quality of video content that can be viewed. A lower resolution display will downscale higher resolution videos, resulting in a loss of detail. Conversely, a display with sufficient resolution can showcase high-definition (HD) or even ultra-high-definition (UHD) content, providing a more immersive viewing experience. When assessing a display’s suitability for video playback, its aspect ratio should also be considered, as this impacts how content is displayed and can lead to letterboxing (black bars) on certain videos.

  • User Interface Legibility

    Display resolution affects the legibility and usability of the user interface. A higher resolution allows for smaller text and icons to be displayed clearly, enabling a more information-rich and visually appealing interface. Conversely, a lower resolution may necessitate larger fonts and icons, which can limit the amount of information displayed on the screen and potentially result in a cluttered or less efficient interface. The ability to comfortably read on-screen information, especially for extended periods, is a key consideration.

  • Viewing Distance and Perceived Sharpness

    The perceived sharpness of a display is also influenced by the viewing distance. When viewed from a distance, the differences in display resolution between various models may become less noticeable. However, at closer viewing distances, the higher resolution displays will generally offer a noticeably sharper and more detailed image. The intended use case of the device (e.g., countertop display versus bedside alarm clock) should therefore be considered when evaluating the importance of display resolution.

In conclusion, the display resolution is a key differentiating factor between the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show. Its impact extends beyond simple image clarity, affecting video playback quality, user interface legibility, and the overall user experience. Therefore, potential buyers should carefully consider the resolution specifications of each device in relation to their intended usage scenarios.

2. Voice Assistant Capabilities

Voice assistant capabilities represent a core differentiating factor between the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show. The effectiveness of the integrated voice assistant, whether Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa, directly determines the user’s ability to interact with the device hands-free and to control connected smart home devices. Differences in natural language processing, information retrieval accuracy, and the breadth of supported skills and integrations translate directly into variations in user experience. For instance, the Google Assistant may excel at providing detailed answers to factual questions due to Google’s vast search index, while Alexa might offer superior integration with Amazon’s e-commerce platform. The accuracy and speed of voice recognition significantly impact user satisfaction; consistent misinterpretations can render a device frustrating to use. Therefore, the choice between devices hinges, in part, on the user’s preferred voice assistant and its alignment with their specific needs.

The practical significance of robust voice assistant capabilities extends beyond simple command execution. These platforms offer proactive assistance, such as providing traffic updates, calendar reminders, and personalized news briefings. A well-integrated voice assistant anticipates user needs and offers relevant information without explicit prompting. Furthermore, the ability to handle complex, multi-step commands, and to understand contextual nuances enhances the overall convenience and efficiency of the smart display. Examples include setting multiple alarms, controlling several smart home devices simultaneously, or initiating a recipe with specific dietary restrictions. The extent to which each platform supports these advanced functionalities contributes substantially to its perceived value.

In conclusion, voice assistant capabilities are not merely a feature of smart displays; they are the defining characteristic that dictates the functionality and user experience of these devices. The choice between Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show is fundamentally a choice between Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa, their respective strengths, weaknesses, and compatibility with the user’s existing digital ecosystem. Challenges remain in achieving consistent accuracy and seamless integration across all use cases, but ongoing advancements in natural language processing continue to improve the utility and appeal of these voice-activated platforms.

3. Smart Home Integration

Smart Home Integration is a pivotal element distinguishing the Google Nest Hub from the Amazon Echo Show. The extent and ease with which these devices can control and interact with other smart home devices directly impacts their utility as central control points within a connected living space.

  • Device Compatibility

    Compatibility with a broad range of smart home devices, including lights, thermostats, locks, and cameras, is crucial. The Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show support different ecosystems, with each device often exhibiting preferential compatibility toward products within their respective ecosystems. A user invested in Google’s Nest ecosystem may find superior integration with the Google Nest Hub, while someone relying on Amazon’s Ring devices might prefer the Amazon Echo Show. The ability to seamlessly control devices from different manufacturers is an important consideration.

  • Control Protocols and Standards

    The underlying protocols and standards supported by each platform, such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Matter, determine the range of devices that can be integrated without requiring additional hubs or bridges. The Amazon Echo Show often includes a built-in Zigbee hub, allowing for direct control of Zigbee-compatible devices without needing a separate hub. The Google Nest Hub, on the other hand, relies more heavily on Wi-Fi and cloud-to-cloud integrations. The future support of Matter, a unifying connectivity standard, will likely reduce fragmentation and enhance interoperability across both platforms, but the timing and extent of implementation remain to be seen.

  • Automation and Routines

    The ability to create automated routines that trigger multiple actions across different devices enhances the convenience and efficiency of a smart home system. Both the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show enable users to create custom routines, but their ease of use and the flexibility of available triggers and actions can vary. For instance, a routine triggered by sunset could automatically turn on lights, adjust the thermostat, and lock the doors. The depth of control over individual device settings within these routines is a significant factor.

  • Voice and Touch Control

    The combination of voice commands and touch screen interfaces offers multiple methods for controlling smart home devices. The responsiveness and accuracy of voice commands, as well as the intuitiveness of the touch screen interface, contribute to the overall user experience. The ability to quickly access and adjust device settings through touch controls can be particularly useful for tasks such as adjusting thermostat temperatures or viewing live camera feeds. The synchronization between voice commands and touch screen controls is crucial for a seamless and intuitive experience.

In summary, Smart Home Integration is a critical area of comparison between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. The compatibility, protocols, automation capabilities, and control methods offered by each platform directly influence their effectiveness as central hubs for controlling and automating a connected home. Prospective buyers should carefully evaluate their existing smart home ecosystem and future expansion plans when making a decision.

4. Ecosystem Compatibility

Ecosystem compatibility is a fundamental consideration when evaluating the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show. These devices function as central hubs within their respective digital environments, and their effectiveness hinges on their ability to seamlessly integrate with other devices, services, and platforms.

  • Device Interoperability

    Device interoperability refers to the ability of the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show to communicate and function with various third-party smart home devices. This includes light bulbs, thermostats, security systems, and entertainment devices. The Google Nest Hub benefits from tight integration with other Google services and Works with Google Assistant devices, while the Amazon Echo Show prioritizes compatibility with Amazon’s own products, such as Ring and Blink, as well as devices certified as Works with Alexa. Limitations in device interoperability can restrict the user’s ability to create a unified and automated smart home experience.

  • Service Integration

    Service integration encompasses the ability of each device to connect to and utilize various online services, such as music streaming, video platforms, calendar applications, and news providers. The Google Nest Hub offers native integration with YouTube, Google Calendar, and Google Photos, whereas the Amazon Echo Show integrates seamlessly with Amazon Music, Amazon Prime Video, and Audible. The selection of services supported by each device directly influences the user’s ability to access information, entertainment, and productivity tools through voice commands and visual interfaces. Divergences in service integration may lead users to prefer one platform over the other based on their preferred digital subscriptions.

  • Platform Consistency

    Platform consistency refers to the uniformity of the user experience across various devices and platforms within the ecosystem. A consistent platform allows users to seamlessly transition between devices without encountering significant variations in interface, functionality, or command structures. Google’s Android ecosystem aims for a cohesive experience across smartphones, tablets, and smart displays, while Amazon seeks to provide a similar level of consistency across its Fire tablets, Echo devices, and Fire TV products. Inconsistencies in platform design can lead to user confusion and reduced efficiency.

  • Development Ecosystem

    The strength of the development ecosystem surrounding each platform influences the availability of third-party skills, applications, and integrations. A robust development ecosystem fosters innovation and expands the functionality of the devices beyond their core features. Amazon’s Alexa Skills Kit provides developers with tools to create custom voice-activated applications for the Echo Show, while Google’s Actions on Google platform enables developers to build similar integrations for the Nest Hub. The size and activity of the development community can significantly impact the long-term capabilities and versatility of each device.

In summary, the degree of ecosystem compatibility offered by the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show is a determining factor for consumers seeking a cohesive and integrated smart home experience. Choices between these devices are often dictated by the user’s existing investments in one ecosystem or another and the degree to which each platform aligns with their specific needs and preferences. The evolving landscape of smart home technology necessitates ongoing consideration of ecosystem compatibility as new devices and services emerge.

5. Privacy Considerations

Privacy considerations are paramount when assessing the utility and appropriateness of smart displays such as the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show within a domestic or professional environment. These devices, equipped with microphones and cameras, collect and transmit data, raising concerns about potential surveillance, data security, and unauthorized access. A thorough evaluation of each device’s privacy features, data handling practices, and security protocols is essential for informed decision-making.

  • Microphone and Camera Control

    The ability to physically disable the microphones and cameras on the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show is a critical privacy feature. Both devices offer hardware switches or software controls to mute the microphones, preventing audio recording. Some models also include physical camera shutters or software options to disable the camera. However, the placement and ease of use of these controls vary, and their effectiveness depends on the user’s diligence in employing them. The absence of readily accessible and reliable controls can increase the risk of unintentional or unauthorized audio and video capture.

  • Data Collection and Storage

    The Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show collect a range of data, including voice recordings, usage patterns, and location information. These data are used to improve the functionality of the devices and personalize the user experience. Google and Amazon maintain their own data storage and processing infrastructures, and their respective privacy policies govern how this data is handled. Users should carefully review these policies to understand the types of data collected, how it is used, and with whom it may be shared. Concerns regarding data retention periods, data encryption, and data access controls are central to evaluating the privacy implications of each device.

  • Voice Assistant Activation and Monitoring

    The Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa are designed to be always-on, listening for their respective wake words. This functionality enables hands-free control but also raises concerns about potential eavesdropping. While both Google and Amazon claim that audio recording only begins after the wake word is detected, independent testing has raised questions about the accuracy and reliability of this claim. Users should be aware of the potential for unintended recordings and consider the sensitivity of conversations that may occur within earshot of the devices. Regular review and deletion of voice recordings are recommended to mitigate privacy risks.

  • Security Vulnerabilities and Hacking Risks

    Like any internet-connected device, the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show are vulnerable to security breaches and hacking attempts. These vulnerabilities can potentially allow unauthorized access to the devices’ microphones, cameras, and data. Google and Amazon regularly release security updates to address known vulnerabilities, but users should also take proactive measures to protect their devices, such as using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and keeping the devices’ software up to date. The potential for sophisticated hacking attacks, including those targeting vulnerabilities in the underlying operating systems, remains a significant concern.

In conclusion, privacy considerations are integral to the evaluation of the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. The features, policies, and security measures implemented by Google and Amazon directly influence the level of privacy protection afforded to users. A thorough understanding of these factors is essential for making informed decisions about the deployment and utilization of these devices, particularly in settings where privacy is of paramount importance. Ongoing vigilance and proactive security practices are necessary to mitigate the privacy risks associated with smart display technology.

6. Multimedia Playback

Multimedia playback represents a significant function within the framework of smart display devices such as the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. It directly influences the user experience and determines the device’s utility as an entertainment hub. The ability to seamlessly stream music, display photos, and play videos is a critical component driving consumer adoption and shaping the competitive landscape between these platforms. For instance, a device with robust multimedia capabilities allows users to listen to their preferred streaming service while preparing meals, view family photos as a digital picture frame, or watch news briefings while getting ready for the day. This function therefore transforms a smart display from a mere information provider into a versatile media consumption device.

The practical application of multimedia playback extends beyond casual entertainment. It serves as a tool for accessing instructional videos in the kitchen, displaying workout routines in a home gym, or presenting slideshows during business presentations. Differences in supported audio and video codecs, screen resolution, and integration with streaming services directly impact the quality and versatility of the multimedia experience. A user heavily invested in YouTube might find the Google Nest Hub’s deep integration advantageous, while someone reliant on Amazon Prime Video might favor the Echo Show. The integration of spatial audio technologies and the quality of built-in speakers further contribute to the overall immersive experience, shaping user perception and satisfaction.

In conclusion, multimedia playback is not merely an ancillary feature but a core element that defines the user’s interaction with, and perceived value of, the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. Challenges remain in ensuring compatibility with a wide range of media formats, optimizing streaming performance, and safeguarding user privacy during content consumption. The ongoing evolution of multimedia technologies will continue to drive innovation and differentiation within the smart display market, prompting users to carefully consider their specific media consumption habits when choosing between platforms.

7. User Interface

The user interface (UI) is a critical differentiator between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show, influencing user experience and overall satisfaction. It encompasses visual layout, touch interactions, voice command integration, and information accessibility. A well-designed UI promotes ease of use, efficient navigation, and intuitive access to features, while a poorly designed UI can lead to frustration and limited device utility.

  • Visual Layout and Information Density

    The visual layout defines the arrangement of icons, text, and images on the display. The Google Nest Hub tends to favor a clean, minimalist aesthetic with a focus on ambient information display, while the Amazon Echo Show often presents more information upfront, including news headlines, trending topics, and suggested actions. The density of information displayed affects readability and the user’s ability to quickly locate desired functions. Real-world examples include displaying weather forecasts, calendar appointments, and smart home device controls. Implications involve balancing information richness with visual clarity to optimize user comprehension and interaction efficiency in both Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show.

  • Touch Interaction and Responsiveness

    Touch interactions, including swipes, taps, and gestures, are essential for navigating the UI. Responsiveness is paramount; delays or unpredicted behaviors can undermine user confidence. The Google Nest Hub generally offers smooth and responsive touch interactions, aligning with Google’s established design principles. The Amazon Echo Show also provides touch functionality, although its responsiveness can vary depending on the model and software version. Examples include adjusting volume, dismissing notifications, and accessing settings menus. Differences in touch interaction quality influence the perceived fluidity and ease of use for both the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show, impacting user satisfaction.

  • Voice Command Integration and Contextual Awareness

    Voice command integration allows hands-free control and interaction. The UI should provide visual cues and feedback related to voice commands, such as displaying transcriptions of spoken requests or providing confirmation messages. Contextual awareness allows the devices to anticipate user needs and offer relevant suggestions. For instance, asking about the weather might prompt the UI to display a detailed forecast or suggest nearby points of interest. The Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa exhibit different strengths in natural language processing and contextual understanding, which are reflected in the UI’s responsiveness and helpfulness. These differences directly impact the user’s ability to efficiently execute tasks and access information in Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show.

  • Personalization and Customization Options

    Personalization options enable users to tailor the UI to their individual preferences, such as setting a custom background, choosing preferred news sources, or configuring smart home device shortcuts. Customization can enhance usability and visual appeal. The Google Nest Hub allows for personalization through Google Photos integration and customizable routines. The Amazon Echo Show offers similar personalization features, including customizable home screen cards and skill organization. The extent of available personalization directly impacts the user’s ability to create a UI that aligns with their individual needs and preferences, enhancing overall engagement and satisfaction in Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show.

In conclusion, the user interface serves as a critical point of comparison between the Google Nest Hub and the Amazon Echo Show. Its design, responsiveness, and integration with voice commands directly influence the user experience and the devices’ overall utility. Nuances in visual layout, touch interaction, and personalization options underscore the distinct design philosophies and target user groups for each platform, ultimately shaping consumer preferences and adoption rates of Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show.

8. Design & Aesthetics

Design and aesthetics play a crucial role in differentiating the Google Nest Hub from the Amazon Echo Show. The visual appearance and physical form factor influence user perception, integration into home environments, and the overall desirability of these smart displays. Substantial differences in design philosophies, materials, and construction directly affect their ability to complement existing dcor and appeal to diverse consumer preferences. A minimalist design, often favored by the Google Nest Hub, aims for unobtrusive integration, whereas a more pronounced design, frequently adopted by the Amazon Echo Show, seeks to make a statement. Examples include the fabric-covered base of the Nest Hub, contrasting with the sharper lines and available color variations of the Echo Show. These design choices exert a significant impact on product placement and perceived value.

The practical significance of design and aesthetics extends beyond mere visual appeal. It impacts the usability and functionality of the devices. Screen angle, bezel size, and speaker placement all contribute to the viewing experience and audio output. A well-designed device optimizes viewing angles for common use cases, such as countertop displays or bedside alarms. Material choices affect durability, ease of cleaning, and resistance to environmental factors. Moreover, the placement of buttons and ports influences accessibility and cable management. For example, a recessed power port can streamline cable routing, while easily accessible volume controls enhance user convenience. These subtle design decisions cumulatively shape the daily interaction with these devices.

In summary, design and aesthetics are not merely superficial considerations but integral components influencing the perceived value and practical utility of the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. Differences in visual style, material choices, and ergonomic design directly affect user experience, integration into living spaces, and overall product appeal. Challenges lie in balancing aesthetic considerations with functional requirements and catering to diverse consumer preferences. As smart displays become increasingly integrated into daily life, design and aesthetics will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping their adoption and long-term success.

Frequently Asked Questions

The following section addresses common queries and misconceptions regarding the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show, providing concise and objective answers to aid in informed decision-making.

Question 1: What are the primary differences between the Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa as integrated into these devices?

The primary differences lie in their natural language processing, information access, and ecosystem integration. The Google Assistant often excels in providing detailed, context-aware answers due to its access to Google’s search index and knowledge graph. Amazon Alexa, conversely, demonstrates greater integration with Amazon’s e-commerce platform and a wider range of third-party skills. Voice recognition accuracy and speed may also vary between the two assistants.

Question 2: How do privacy features differ between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show?

Both devices offer microphone mute buttons, but camera control methods can differ. Some Amazon Echo Show models include physical camera shutters, while Google Nest Hub relies on software-based camera disabling. Data collection practices and privacy policies also vary. Users are encouraged to review the specific privacy settings and data handling procedures for each device.

Question 3: Which device offers better smart home integration capabilities?

The answer depends on the existing smart home ecosystem. The Google Nest Hub typically integrates seamlessly with Works with Google Assistant devices and Nest products. The Amazon Echo Show prioritizes integration with Works with Alexa devices and Amazon’s Ring and Blink products. Both devices support a variety of smart home protocols, but the breadth of compatible devices and ease of setup can vary.

Question 4: What are the key differences in display quality between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show models?

Display resolution, brightness, and color accuracy can vary significantly between different models within each product line. Higher resolution displays offer sharper images and better video playback quality. Display size and viewing angles also influence the overall viewing experience. Specifications should be compared directly when evaluating display quality.

Question 5: Which device is more suitable for users heavily invested in the Google ecosystem versus the Amazon ecosystem?

Users deeply integrated into the Google ecosystem, utilizing services like YouTube, Google Calendar, and Google Photos, will likely find the Google Nest Hub more convenient. Conversely, those heavily reliant on Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Music, and Alexa skills may prefer the Amazon Echo Show.

Question 6: How do the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show handle software updates and feature enhancements?

Both devices receive automatic software updates pushed by their respective manufacturers. However, the frequency and content of these updates may vary. Google typically prioritizes updates to its core services, while Amazon may focus on enhancing Alexa skills and smart home integration. Reviewing update history can provide insight into each company’s commitment to long-term software support.

In summary, the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show offer distinct advantages and disadvantages depending on individual needs and preferences. Careful consideration of the factors outlined above, including voice assistant capabilities, privacy features, smart home integration, display quality, ecosystem compatibility, and software support, is essential for making an informed decision.

The following sections will explore specific scenarios and use cases, providing tailored recommendations for different user profiles.

Essential Considerations

A considered approach is necessary when evaluating the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show. Device selection should align with specific needs and prior technological investments. This section provides actionable recommendations.

Tip 1: Prioritize Ecosystem Integration: Assess existing investment in either the Google or Amazon ecosystem. Deep integration offers streamlined functionality and seamless interoperability. For example, those heavily invested in Google services will find greater value in the Nest Hub.

Tip 2: Evaluate Privacy Features Carefully: Scrutinize the microphone and camera control mechanisms, as well as data collection and storage policies. Physical camera shutters provide enhanced security. Consider the implications of voice recording and data retention.

Tip 3: Assess Smart Home Compatibility: Verify compatibility with existing and planned smart home devices. The Amazon Echo Show often integrates directly with Zigbee devices, potentially eliminating the need for separate hubs. The Google Nest Hub emphasizes Wi-Fi-based integrations.

Tip 4: Compare Display Specifications: Evaluate display resolution, size, and viewing angles. Higher resolution displays enhance video playback and image clarity. Consider the intended viewing distance and typical use cases when evaluating display quality.

Tip 5: Analyze Voice Assistant Capabilities: Consider the strengths and weaknesses of the Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa. The Google Assistant often provides more comprehensive information retrieval, while Alexa offers greater integration with e-commerce.

Tip 6: Understand Data Security Practices: Investigate the security measures implemented by both Google and Amazon. Ensure strong password protection and enable two-factor authentication. Stay informed about software updates and security patches.

Tip 7: Evaluate Physical Placement: Consider the intended location of the device. Design and aesthetic factors influence integration into home environments. A minimalist design may be preferable for unobtrusive placement.

Careful consideration of these elements facilitates a decision that aligns with specific requirements. Blindly selecting a smart display without this assessment can lead to dissatisfaction and underutilization of the device’s capabilities.

The following section concludes this comparative analysis, summarizing key findings and offering final recommendations.

Conclusion

This comparative analysis has explored the nuances between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show, underscoring critical differences in voice assistant capabilities, ecosystem integration, privacy considerations, and design aesthetics. Examination of display resolution, smart home compatibility, and multimedia playback functionalities has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of each platform, offering potential buyers a structured framework for evaluation.

Ultimately, the optimal choice between the Google Nest Hub and Amazon Echo Show necessitates a careful assessment of individual needs and pre-existing technological investments. Continued advancements in artificial intelligence, smart home technology, and data security will undoubtedly shape the future of these devices, demanding ongoing evaluation of their capabilities and implications. Prudent decision-making, informed by comprehensive research, remains paramount in navigating this evolving landscape.