8+ Home Depot vs. Amazon: Who's Cheaper Now?


8+ Home Depot vs. Amazon: Who's Cheaper Now?

Determining which retailer, Home Depot or Amazon, offers more affordable prices necessitates a comprehensive comparison of identical or functionally equivalent products. Price variations can arise from several factors, including differing supplier agreements, promotional strategies, and shipping costs. Therefore, a direct comparison, considering specific items of interest, is essential for an accurate assessment. For example, a specific model of power drill might be offered at a lower base price at one retailer, while shipping costs and potential membership discounts at the other retailer could ultimately influence the final cost to the consumer.

Understanding price competitiveness between major retailers such as these benefits consumers by empowering them to make informed purchasing decisions. A history of fluctuating market conditions and evolving retail strategies have resulted in dynamic pricing models. Monitoring these price changes and considering factors like sales tax and return policies can lead to significant cost savings over time. Furthermore, awareness of potential price differences can encourage retailers to maintain competitive pricing, ultimately benefiting the broader consumer market.

The following analysis will explore product category variations, evaluate shipping costs and subscription benefits, and consider loyalty programs offered by each company to determine which retailer provides more economically advantageous options for specific purchasing scenarios. This exploration focuses on delivering factual, data-driven insights to guide consumers toward cost-effective shopping strategies.

1. Product Category

The relative price competitiveness of Home Depot and Amazon is significantly influenced by product category. Each retailer specializes in different market segments, which affects their pricing strategies, sourcing agreements, and inventory management. A thorough comparison must account for these distinctions.

  • Building Materials and Hardware

    Home Depot typically offers more competitive pricing on building materials such as lumber, drywall, and concrete. Their established relationships with suppliers and bulk purchasing power in these areas often lead to lower costs for consumers. Example: Dimensional lumber for framing might be substantially cheaper at Home Depot due to its scale in the construction supply market.

  • Home Appliances

    While both retailers offer a range of home appliances, Home Depot often has more attractive pricing, particularly on larger appliances like refrigerators and washing machines. This is attributable to Home Depot’s focus on the home improvement sector and its direct partnerships with appliance manufacturers. Example: Purchasing a new oven may be more cost-effective at Home Depot, especially when bundled with installation services.

  • Electronics and Consumer Goods

    Amazon often provides competitive pricing on electronics, small kitchen appliances, and general consumer goods due to its vast marketplace and numerous third-party sellers. This creates intense price competition, potentially driving prices down for consumers. Example: A specific model of blender might be cheaper on Amazon due to multiple vendors vying for sales.

  • Tools and Outdoor Equipment

    The pricing of tools and outdoor equipment can vary significantly between the two retailers. Home Depot might offer better deals on larger power tools and gardening equipment, whereas Amazon might provide more competitive pricing on smaller hand tools and accessories. The brand selection and promotional offers also contribute to this variation. Example: A lawnmower might be cheaper at Home Depot during a seasonal sale, while a set of screwdrivers might be cheaper on Amazon year-round.

Therefore, assessing whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon requires a category-specific approach. Consumers should compare prices of identical or similar items within each product category to determine which retailer offers the most favorable deal for their particular needs. This strategic comparison, taking into account individual product requirements, contributes to informed purchasing decisions.

2. Shipping Costs

Shipping costs represent a crucial component in determining the overall affordability of products purchased from Home Depot and Amazon. These costs can substantially alter the final price, effectively negating any initial savings on the item itself. Home Depot and Amazon utilize distinct shipping models, impacting the consumer’s decision-making process. For instance, while an item might have a lower base price on Amazon, elevated shipping charges, particularly for bulky or heavy items, can make Home Depot’s comparatively higher-priced offering more economical, especially if Home Depot offers free in-store pickup.

Amazon’s shipping costs depend on various factors including item size, weight, delivery speed, and Prime membership status. Amazon Prime members often benefit from free shipping on eligible items, potentially making Amazon the cheaper option for frequent purchases. Conversely, Home Depot offers free shipping on orders exceeding a specified threshold, as well as the option of free in-store pickup for many online orders. This can be particularly advantageous for customers purchasing large or heavy items, such as building materials or appliances, avoiding substantial shipping fees. For example, a homeowner purchasing several bags of concrete might find that Home Depot, with its free in-store pickup, is significantly cheaper than Amazon, even if Amazon’s initial price per bag appears lower.

In conclusion, a comprehensive assessment of whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon must incorporate a detailed analysis of shipping costs. These costs vary depending on item characteristics, retailer policies, and consumer needs. The availability of free shipping thresholds, in-store pickup options, and membership benefits all play a pivotal role in determining the ultimate cost-effectiveness of each retailer. Careful consideration of these factors ensures consumers make well-informed purchasing decisions, optimizing savings and minimizing unexpected expenses.

3. Subscription Benefits

The presence or absence of subscription-based benefits significantly alters the cost comparison between Home Depot and Amazon. While Home Depot does not offer a traditional subscription service comparable to Amazon Prime, Amazon’s Prime program warrants consideration when determining overall affordability for specific consumer needs.

  • Amazon Prime Shipping Advantages

    Amazon Prime offers free and expedited shipping on many items, impacting the final cost, especially for frequent online purchases. For consumers who regularly buy smaller items, the elimination of shipping fees can make Amazon more economical. For example, if a consumer purchases hardware supplies multiple times a month, the cost of shipping from Home Depot could exceed the annual cost of Amazon Prime, effectively making Amazon the cheaper option over time.

  • Exclusive Prime Member Discounts and Offers

    Prime members often receive exclusive discounts and access to promotional offers unavailable to non-subscribers. These discounts can lower the cost of certain items, especially electronics and household goods, making Amazon more competitive. A specific model of power tool might be offered at a significantly reduced price to Prime members during a promotional event, altering the price dynamic compared to Home Depot.

  • Home Depot Pro Xtra Program

    While not a direct subscription service, Home Depots Pro Xtra program provides benefits such as volume pricing, exclusive offers, and paint rewards. This program primarily targets professional contractors and bulk purchasers. Therefore, while not directly comparable to Amazon Prime, the benefits it provides can influence the cost-effectiveness of Home Depot for specific customer segments, particularly those making large-scale purchases of building materials or tools.

  • The Value of Bundled Services

    Amazon Prime includes a range of bundled services such as streaming video, music, and cloud storage, which can add value to the subscription for some consumers. If a consumer already utilizes these services, the cost of Prime becomes more justifiable, potentially making Amazon the more cost-effective option even when item prices are comparable to Home Depot. These bundled services represent an indirect benefit that must be considered when comparing the overall value proposition of each retailer.

In conclusion, subscription benefits, or their absence, play a key role in determining whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon. The value derived from Amazon Prime’s shipping benefits, exclusive discounts, and bundled services needs to be weighed against Home Depot’s potential advantages in specific product categories and volume-based discounts offered through programs like Pro Xtra. The ultimate determination depends on individual purchasing habits, specific product needs, and the value placed on the supplementary services offered by Amazon Prime.

4. Promotional Offers

Promotional offers exert a substantial influence on the price competitiveness between Home Depot and Amazon, directly impacting the determination of which retailer presents the more cost-effective purchasing options. These offers, encompassing discounts, rebates, and limited-time sales events, can drastically alter the perceived value of products and shift the economic advantage from one retailer to another. The strategic implementation of promotional offers is a critical component in the ongoing price war between these two giants, necessitating careful monitoring by consumers to optimize their purchasing decisions. For example, Home Depot might offer a significant discount on a specific brand of power tool during a weekend sale, effectively undercutting Amazon’s standard price. Conversely, Amazon could feature lightning deals or promotional codes that temporarily reduce the price of a competing product below Home Depot’s offer.

The effectiveness of promotional offers is further amplified by the use of loyalty programs and targeted marketing. Home Depot’s Pro Xtra program, while not a direct promotional offer in itself, provides exclusive access to discounts and perks for professional contractors, influencing their purchasing behavior toward Home Depot. Similarly, Amazon Prime members often receive early access to deals and exclusive promotional pricing, providing a distinct advantage over non-members. The duration and availability of these promotions are critical considerations. A limited-time offer, such as a Black Friday sale, can create a temporary price advantage for one retailer, while a longer-term rebate program may provide a more sustained benefit. Understanding the terms and conditions of each promotion, including any eligibility requirements or expiration dates, is vital for maximizing savings. For instance, a rebate that requires mail-in submission might be less attractive than an instant discount applied at the point of sale.

In conclusion, promotional offers are a dynamic and essential factor in the ongoing assessment of whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon. Their impact is subject to constant change, influenced by seasonal trends, competitive pressures, and strategic marketing initiatives. Consumers must actively monitor these offers, comparing prices across retailers and considering the specific terms and conditions of each promotion, to make informed purchasing decisions and achieve the greatest possible cost savings. Ignoring promotional offers leads to suboptimal financial outcomes, underscoring the importance of diligent research in today’s competitive retail landscape.

5. Brand Variance

Brand variance introduces a significant layer of complexity when evaluating whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon. The availability of specific brands, coupled with their respective pricing strategies and perceived value, influences purchase decisions and complicates direct price comparisons. Identical products are rarely offered across both platforms, necessitating consideration of brand alternatives and their associated costs and quality perceptions.

  • Exclusive Brand Partnerships

    Home Depot maintains exclusive partnerships with certain brands, particularly in tools and appliances, that may not be readily available on Amazon. These partnerships often result in competitive pricing within Home Depot’s ecosystem for those specific brands. Conversely, Amazon’s open marketplace allows a wider range of brands, including smaller, less-established ones, which may offer lower prices but potentially compromise on quality or warranty support. For example, a specific line of power tools might be exclusively sold at Home Depot, making a direct price comparison impossible. The consumer must then evaluate alternative brands on Amazon, factoring in perceived quality differences and potentially differing warranty terms.

  • Store Brands and Private Labels

    Home Depot features store brands, such as Ryobi and Husky, which often provide a lower-cost alternative to national brands. These store brands are typically exclusive to Home Depot and are positioned to offer comparable performance at a more accessible price point. Amazon also has its own private label offerings across various categories, which compete directly with branded products. The price differential between these store brands and national brands influences the overall cost comparison. A consumer might opt for a Home Depot store-brand tool set over a name-brand equivalent on Amazon if the price difference is substantial and the perceived quality is acceptable.

  • Brand-Specific Promotional Strategies

    Individual brands often implement distinct promotional strategies that impact pricing across different retailers. A brand might offer rebates, discounts, or bundled deals at Home Depot that are not available on Amazon, and vice versa. These brand-specific promotions can create temporary price advantages for one retailer over the other, regardless of the overall cost structure. For instance, a manufacturer might offer a limited-time mail-in rebate on a specific appliance purchased at Home Depot, rendering Home Depot the cheaper option for that particular item during the promotional period.

  • Perceived Value and Brand Loyalty

    Consumer perception of brand value and brand loyalty significantly influence purchasing decisions, even when price differentials exist. A consumer who strongly prefers a particular brand might be willing to pay a premium to purchase that brand from either Home Depot or Amazon. This loyalty can override purely rational cost considerations. For example, a consumer with a strong preference for a specific brand of paint might choose to purchase it from Home Depot, even if a comparable paint from a different brand is available at a lower price on Amazon, due to perceived quality or prior positive experiences with the preferred brand.

The influence of brand variance on the assessment of whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon necessitates a nuanced approach. Consumers must not only compare prices of identical products but also consider the availability of alternative brands, the presence of store brands, brand-specific promotions, and their own brand preferences. This comprehensive evaluation allows for a more informed and personalized determination of the most cost-effective purchasing option, accounting for the subjective value associated with specific brands.

6. Return Policies

Return policies are integral to assessing the total cost of a product, influencing the perceived value and overall affordability of purchases from Home Depot and Amazon. A lenient return policy can mitigate risk, justifying a slightly higher initial price, while a restrictive policy may necessitate seeking the lowest possible upfront cost to offset potential dissatisfaction. Return policies directly impact the calculus of “is Home Depot cheaper than Amazon” by altering the consumer’s risk assessment and influencing their preference for one retailer over another.

  • Risk Mitigation and Purchase Confidence

    Generous return policies reduce the risk associated with online shopping, where product inspection is impossible before purchase. A straightforward return process with extended return windows enhances consumer confidence. If Amazon offers a more lenient return policy on a specific product, consumers might be willing to pay a slightly higher initial price, knowing that they can easily return the item if it does not meet their expectations. Home Depot’s return policy, while generally reasonable, may not offer the same level of flexibility for certain items, potentially steering price-sensitive consumers toward Amazon, assuming comparable prices.

  • Restocking Fees and Return Shipping Costs

    The presence of restocking fees or return shipping costs can significantly alter the perceived cost-effectiveness of a purchase. If Home Depot charges restocking fees for certain items, such as special-order products, this could make Amazon, even with a slightly higher initial price, the cheaper option if the consumer anticipates a potential need for a return. Free return shipping, commonly offered by Amazon Prime, eliminates a significant barrier to online purchasing, providing a distinct advantage over retailers with less accommodating return shipping policies.

  • Condition of Returned Items

    Return policies often stipulate conditions under which items can be returned, affecting the likelihood of a successful return. Stringent requirements regarding the original packaging, tags, or product condition can make returns more difficult and less appealing. Amazon’s generally lenient approach to accepting returns, even for slightly used items in some cases, can be a decisive factor for consumers weighing the costs and benefits of purchasing from Amazon versus Home Depot. Home Depot’s more stringent requirements may dissuade consumers from purchasing items where the likelihood of needing a return is higher, such as paint or custom-cut materials.

  • In-Store vs. Online Returns

    The convenience of in-store returns, offered by Home Depot, can be a significant advantage for consumers who value immediate resolution and prefer to avoid the complexities of shipping returns. The ability to return an item to a physical store eliminates the need for packaging and shipping, making the return process faster and more convenient. While Amazon offers returns through various channels, including drop-off locations, the convenience of Home Depot’s nationwide network of physical stores can be a compelling factor, especially for bulky or heavy items. This ease of return can influence the perception of overall cost, making Home Depot a more attractive option despite potentially higher initial prices.

Ultimately, return policies form a critical component of the value proposition offered by Home Depot and Amazon, influencing the final assessment of whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon. The perceived ease, cost, and flexibility of the return process directly impact consumer confidence and willingness to purchase. Retailers with more accommodating return policies can justify slightly higher prices, as the reduced risk and increased convenience enhance the overall customer experience, potentially making them the more cost-effective choice in the long run. Consumers must carefully evaluate the return policies of both retailers, considering their individual purchasing habits and product-specific needs, to make informed decisions and maximize their overall satisfaction.

7. Local Taxes

Local taxes represent a significant, often overlooked, component in determining whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon. Sales tax rates vary considerably across states, counties, and even municipalities. These variations directly impact the final price paid by consumers, potentially shifting the cost advantage from one retailer to another. Therefore, ignoring local tax implications can lead to inaccurate cost comparisons and suboptimal purchasing decisions. The effect of local taxes is most pronounced in cases where the base price of a product is similar between Home Depot and Amazon. In such scenarios, the higher tax rate in one jurisdiction can make purchasing from the retailer operating in a lower-tax jurisdiction more economically advantageous. For example, a resident of a city with a high sales tax rate might find that purchasing an item from Amazon, even with shipping costs, is cheaper than purchasing the same item from a local Home Depot store if Amazon collects sales tax based on a location with a lower rate. This is particularly relevant when the state in question does not require Amazon to collect sales tax for all of its vendors, allowing some vendors to avoid collecting sales tax altogether, which can substantially reduce the final cost.

Furthermore, the complexity of local tax laws and their application to online retailers can create confusion for consumers. Some states have implemented “marketplace facilitator” laws, requiring platforms like Amazon to collect sales tax on behalf of their third-party sellers. However, the enforcement and implementation of these laws vary across jurisdictions, leading to inconsistencies in tax collection. This inconsistency can result in situations where a consumer might inadvertently pay sales tax on an item purchased from a third-party seller on Amazon, whereas the same item purchased from Home Depot, which always collects sales tax, appears more expensive at first glance. Consumers must therefore be aware of the specific tax laws in their location and how they apply to online purchases to accurately assess the true cost. Practical applications of this understanding involve actively comparing the final price, inclusive of all applicable taxes and shipping costs, before making a purchase. Utilizing online sales tax calculators and carefully reviewing the checkout pages of both Home Depot and Amazon are essential steps in this process.

In conclusion, local taxes are a crucial element in determining the relative cost-effectiveness of Home Depot and Amazon. The variability of tax rates across jurisdictions and the complexities of online tax collection necessitate careful consideration by consumers. Ignoring local tax implications can lead to inaccurate price comparisons and suboptimal purchasing decisions. By actively accounting for sales tax during the price comparison process, consumers can make more informed choices and maximize their cost savings, thereby accurately assessing whether Home Depot is truly cheaper than Amazon in their specific locale. The challenges lie in the constant evolution of tax laws and the need for consumers to remain vigilant in monitoring and understanding these changes.

8. Bulk Purchases

Bulk purchases represent a critical factor in determining whether Home Depot or Amazon offers a more economical solution. The pricing models of both retailers often exhibit differing behaviors when larger quantities of items are acquired. Home Depot, traditionally catering to contractors and construction professionals, frequently provides volume discounts on building materials, hardware, and related supplies. This stems from direct relationships with manufacturers and efficient supply chains optimized for handling large orders. As a result, purchasing lumber, drywall, or fasteners in bulk from Home Depot can yield substantial cost savings compared to purchasing smaller quantities incrementally. For instance, a contractor undertaking a large remodeling project would likely find that sourcing materials such as framing lumber and insulation from Home Depot, leveraging volume discounts, results in a lower overall project cost than purchasing the same materials piecemeal from Amazon. This price advantage is further enhanced by Home Depot’s Pro Xtra program, which offers additional benefits and discounts to professional customers based on their annual spending. The importance of considering bulk purchase options is heightened when projects involve standardized materials or components where economies of scale can be realized. Failure to account for potential volume discounts can lead to overspending and suboptimal project budgeting.

Amazon, while offering a vast selection of products, typically does not offer the same depth of volume discounts as Home Depot on building materials or construction-related items. Amazon’s pricing strategy often prioritizes competitive pricing on individual items, leveraging its marketplace model to drive down prices. While Amazon Business offers features catering to business customers, the savings associated with bulk purchases are generally less pronounced than those obtainable at Home Depot for construction-specific materials. However, Amazon may provide competitive pricing on bulk purchases of non-perishable goods, cleaning supplies, or office products, where multiple vendors compete for sales. For example, a property management company might find it more cost-effective to purchase large quantities of cleaning supplies, light bulbs, or paper towels from Amazon Business, leveraging marketplace competition and potential subscription discounts. The decision to purchase in bulk from either Home Depot or Amazon requires careful analysis of the specific items required, the quantities needed, and the available discounts. Comparing unit prices across different quantity tiers is essential to determine the most cost-effective purchasing strategy.

In conclusion, bulk purchases significantly influence the cost comparison between Home Depot and Amazon, particularly in the context of construction materials and supplies. Home Depot’s established volume discounts and pro-oriented programs often result in lower overall costs for large projects involving standardized materials. While Amazon can offer competitive pricing on individual items and certain product categories, it generally lacks the depth of volume discounts offered by Home Depot in the construction sector. Therefore, consumers and businesses should meticulously compare unit prices at different quantity levels and consider any applicable subscription benefits or loyalty programs to determine the most economical solution for their specific needs. The challenge lies in accurately forecasting project material requirements and diligently comparing pricing across both retailers to capture potential cost savings associated with bulk purchases. Ignoring this element can lead to unnecessary expenses and inefficient resource allocation.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries regarding price competitiveness between Home Depot and Amazon, focusing on factors that influence purchasing decisions.

Question 1: Are Home Depot’s prices generally lower than Amazon’s?

A definitive answer is not possible. Pricing varies based on product category, brand, promotional offers, and shipping costs. A direct comparison of specific items is necessary to determine which retailer offers the more affordable option in each individual instance.

Question 2: Do shipping costs significantly impact the overall price comparison?

Yes. Shipping fees can substantially alter the final cost, especially for bulky or heavy items. Home Depot’s free in-store pickup option can mitigate shipping costs, potentially making it a more cost-effective choice despite potentially higher base prices. Amazon Prime members often benefit from free shipping, which can shift the cost advantage in their favor.

Question 3: How do subscription services influence the price comparison?

Amazon Prime offers free shipping and exclusive discounts, which can lower the overall cost, especially for frequent purchases. Home Depot’s Pro Xtra program provides benefits to professional contractors but lacks the broad consumer appeal of Amazon Prime. The value derived from subscription services should be considered when making purchasing decisions.

Question 4: Are promotional offers a reliable indicator of which retailer is cheaper?

Promotional offers are dynamic and can significantly impact pricing. However, these offers are typically temporary and may have specific eligibility requirements. Consumers should compare prices across both retailers, considering any applicable promotions, to determine the most cost-effective option at the time of purchase.

Question 5: Does brand variance complicate the price comparison?

Yes. Exclusive brand partnerships and store brands create situations where identical products are not available on both platforms. Consumers must evaluate alternative brands, factoring in perceived quality differences and potentially differing warranty terms, to make informed purchasing decisions.

Question 6: How do return policies factor into the cost equation?

Lenient return policies reduce the risk associated with online shopping. Retailers with more accommodating return policies can justify slightly higher prices, as the reduced risk enhances the overall customer experience. Consumers should consider the return policies of both retailers, particularly for items where the likelihood of needing a return is higher.

Careful consideration of product category, shipping costs, subscription services, promotional offers, brand variance, and return policies is essential to determining whether Home Depot or Amazon offers the most cost-effective purchasing options.

The following section will summarize the key points and provide a concluding assessment.

Tips for Determining Cost-Effectiveness

This section provides actionable guidance for assessing the relative cost-effectiveness of Home Depot and Amazon, ensuring informed purchasing decisions. Focus is placed on key factors impacting overall expenditure.

Tip 1: Conduct Product-Specific Price Comparisons: Broad generalizations regarding retailer pricing are unreliable. A line-by-line comparison of identical or functionally equivalent products is essential. Note base prices, shipping costs, and availability of promotional discounts.

Tip 2: Factor in Shipping Costs and Subscription Benefits: Shipping expenses can significantly alter the total cost. Consider membership programs such as Amazon Prime, which offers free shipping on many items. Weigh the annual cost of Prime against potential shipping savings on frequent purchases. Home Depot’s free in-store pickup option provides an alternative for avoiding shipping fees.

Tip 3: Account for Local Sales Tax: Sales tax rates vary. Calculate the total cost, including applicable taxes, for both retailers before making a purchase. Be aware of differing tax collection practices for online marketplaces and individual sellers.

Tip 4: Evaluate Promotional Offers and Loyalty Programs: Monitor promotional offers, such as discounts, rebates, and limited-time sales events. Assess loyalty programs such as Home Depot’s Pro Xtra, for potential cost savings, especially for frequent or large-scale purchases. Factor in any eligibility requirements or expiration dates associated with promotional offers.

Tip 5: Consider Brand Variance and Store Brands: Identify whether identical brands are available from both retailers. Evaluate alternative brands, factoring in perceived quality, warranty terms, and pricing. Assess the suitability of store brands as lower-cost alternatives to name-brand products.

Tip 6: Analyze Return Policies: Review the return policies of both retailers, noting return windows, restocking fees, and return shipping costs. Assess the convenience of in-store versus online returns. Understand the conditions under which returns are accepted. A more lenient return policy can justify a slightly higher initial price.

Tip 7: Assess Bulk Purchase Options: For large projects, compare unit prices at different quantity tiers. Evaluate potential volume discounts, especially for construction materials. Home Depot often provides more favorable bulk pricing than Amazon for building supplies.

By systematically applying these tips, consumers can make more informed decisions, maximizing cost savings and optimizing their overall purchasing strategy when choosing between Home Depot and Amazon.

The following final section will deliver the article’s summary.

Conclusion

Determining definitively whether Home Depot is cheaper than Amazon requires a product-specific and context-dependent analysis. Factors such as shipping costs, subscription benefits, promotional offers, brand variance, return policies, local taxes, and bulk purchase options significantly influence the ultimate cost to the consumer. No universal answer applies; instead, careful evaluation of each purchasing scenario is essential.

The ongoing price competition between these retail giants necessitates diligent consumer research. By systematically comparing prices, considering associated costs, and understanding individual purchasing needs, consumers can make informed decisions, optimizing their budgets and maximizing value. The future retail landscape will likely see continued dynamic pricing strategies, making informed consumer vigilance more critical than ever. Therefore, ongoing awareness and adaptability are key to effective purchasing strategies.