The process of crediting electronic correspondence according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style involves providing sufficient information to allow readers to locate the source. Because emails are generally not archived or publicly accessible, the citation format differs from that of journal articles or books. Typically, an in-text citation will mention the sender’s name, the phrase “personal communication,” and the date of the email. The reference list entry is omitted, as personal communications are not retrievable by the general readership. For example: (A. Smith, personal communication, November 16, 2023).
Acknowledging electronic correspondence appropriately demonstrates academic integrity and provides context for the information presented in research. It is crucial in maintaining transparency and avoiding plagiarism. While formal documentation is not required in the reference list, the citation within the text indicates the origin of specific information and the date it was communicated. The practice has evolved with the increasing reliance on electronic communication in academic and professional settings, requiring a clear and consistent method of attribution.
