The process of transmitting electronic messages from a client-side scripting language executed within a web browser involves utilizing a backend service or a third-party Application Programming Interface (API). Direct transmission is not feasible due to security restrictions imposed by browsers, which prevent direct Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) connections. An example includes using JavaScript to trigger an API call to a server-side script that then handles the actual transmission.
This method offers several advantages, including enhanced user experience through asynchronous operation. Users can initiate the dispatch of messages without navigating away from the current webpage or experiencing page reloads. Furthermore, employing a backend or API enables robust authentication, authorization, and error handling, leading to secure and reliable communication. Historically, this approach has evolved from simple form submissions that triggered server-side actions to more sophisticated and responsive user interfaces.